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Chemistry | Definition, Topics, Types, History, & Facts | Britannica
Chemistry is the science of the properties, composition, and structure of substances (defined as elements and compounds), the transformations they undergo, and the energy that is released or absorbed during these processes. Chemistry is concerned with the properties of atoms and the laws governing their combinations.
Chemical reaction | Definition, Equations, Examples, & Types - Britannica
A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products. Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products.
Chemical Banking Corporation | Merger, Acquisition, Rebranding ...
Chemical Banking Corporation, former American bank holding company that merged with The Chase Manhattan Corporation in 1996. The holding company’s principal subsidiary was Chemical Bank, which was chartered in 1824 in New York City as a division of the New York Chemical Manufacturing Company.
Chemical bonding | Definition, Types, & Examples | Britannica
Chemical bonding, any of the interactions that account for the association of atoms into molecules, ions, crystals, and other species. When atoms approach one another, their electrons interact and tend to distribute themselves in space so that the total energy is lower than it would be in any alternative arrangement.
Cellular respiration | Definition, Equation, Cycle, Process, Reactants ...
Cellular respiration, the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water. It includes glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Salt | Chemistry, History, Occurrence, Manufacture, Uses, & Facts ...
Salt, also called sodium chloride, mineral substance of great importance to human and animal health, as well as to industry. The mineral form halite, or rock salt, is sometimes called common salt to distinguish it from a class of chemical compounds called salts. Learn more about salt in this article.
Chemistry - Analysis, Reactions, Compounds | Britannica
Chemistry - Analysis, Reactions, Compounds: Most of the materials that occur on Earth, such as wood, coal, minerals, or air, are mixtures of many different and distinct chemical substances. Each pure chemical substance (e.g., oxygen, iron, or water) has a characteristic set of properties that gives it its chemical identity. Iron, for example, is a common silver-white metal that melts at 1,535 ...
Gold | Facts, Properties, & Uses | Britannica
Gold, a dense lustrous yellow precious metal and a chemical element of Group 11. Gold is attractive in color and brightness, durable to the point of virtual indestructibility, highly malleable, and usually found in nature in a comparatively pure form.
Chemical engineering | Processes, Principles & Applications | Britannica
chemical engineering, the development of processes and the design and operation of plants in which materials undergo changes in their physical or chemical state. Applied throughout the process industries, it is founded on the principles of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. The laws of physical chemistry and physics govern the practicability and efficiency of chemical engineering operations ...
Alcohol | Definition, Structure, Classification, Commercial Uses ...
An alcohol is an organic compound with one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group. Alcohols may be considered as organic derivatives of water, in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced by an alkyl group. Examples include ethanol, methanol, and isopropyl alcohol.
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